Different Types of Thinking:

 

Different Types of Thinking

1.    CRITICAL THINKING:

Ø  Critical thinking is focused careful analysis of something to better understand it.

Ø  When people speak of “Left brain” activity they are usually referring to critical thinking. 

Ø  This is convergent thinking.

Ø   It assesses the worth and validity of something existent.

Ø  It involves precise, persistent, objective analysis.

Ø  When teachers try to get several learners to think convergently, they try to help them develop common understanding.

Techniques to encourage critical thinking

1. Use analogies.
2. Promote interaction among students.
3. Ask open-ended questions.
4. Allow reflection time.
5. Use real-life problems.
6. Allow for thinking practice.

Developing Critical thinking in Students

1. Encourage Project-Based learning:

Ø   To develop critical thinking is students, it is essential to encourage project-based learning in students.

Ø  By figure out and solving real-world problems get the children out of the classroom and into the real world.

Ø  Critical thinking is a skill that predominant to success in life beyond school.

Ø  Project-based learning is the great way to introduce new knowledge, concepts, and ideas that motivated the students to learn and also develop critical thinking in students.

2. Freedom to Learn:

Ø   Give freedom to students to learn things; this is one of the effective ways to develop critical thinking skills in students.

Ø  After introducing new concepts and content, teachers should give freedom to students to learn what they want to learn.

Ø  This way definitely helps students to develop critical thinking skills.

3. Connects Stories to related concepts:

Ø  Connects stories to relatable concepts is also an essential way to develop critical thinking.

Ø  When students understand the story’s fundamental meaning, ask them to draw connections outside the story by obtaining them to analyze stories that have the same concept.

Ø   Also, introduce the additional texts that offer new information or concepts students can utilize to examine the original text.

4.Start analyzing and Assessing ideas:

Ø  Analyzing and assessing the effectiveness of facts and ideas is another primary element of critical thinking.

Ø  If the students are actively engaged with course material to draw connections with other material, regulate the primary ideas, and evaluate whether the ideas are valid and logical.

5.Embrace Active Learning:

Ø  Turning students into active learners is a primary goal of teaching critical thinking.

Ø   Students frequently engage calmly with the material, or they learn it without truly thinking about it and linking it with what they already know.

Ø  It is essential to produce these connections because you are generating expressway in the brain that improves memory.

2. CREATIVE THINKING:

Ø  This is divergent thinking.

Ø  It generates something new or different.

Ø  It involves having a different idea that works as well or better than previous ideas.

Ø   Creative thinking is the ability to consider something in a new way.

Ø  It might be a new approach to problem, a resolution to a conflict between employee, or new result from a data set.

Ø  Creative thinking is a skill which lets you consider things from a fresh perspective and different angles.

Ø  It’s an inventive thought process which results in surprising conclusions and new ways of doing things.

Ø  Creative thinking can be aided by brainstorming or lateral thinking to generate ideas.

3. CONVERGENT THINKING:

Ø  Convergent thinking is the process of finding a single best solution to one problem.

Ø  This type of thinking is cognitive processing of information around a common point, an attempt to bring thoughts from different directions into a union or common conclusion.

Ø   Convergent thinking is a team coined by Joy Poul Guilford as the opposite of divergent thinking.

Ø   It is generally meaning the ability to give the “correct” answer to standard questions that do not require significant creativity for instance in most tasks in school and on standardized multiple-choice test for intelligence.

Ø  E.g.: Variety of tests, such as multiple-choice tests, standardized tests, quizzes, spelling tests and similar other tests require convergent thinking. Because only one answer can be 100% correct.

4.DIVERGENT THINKING

Ø  This type of thinking starts from a common point and moves outward into a variety of perspectives.

Ø  The goal of divergent thinking is to generate many different ideas about a topic in a short period of time Divergent thinking typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner, such that the ideas are generated in a random, unorganized fashion.

5.INDUCTIVE THINKING

Ø   Inductive reasoning is a method of logical thinking that combines observations with experiential information to reach a conclusion.

Ø  When you can look at a specific set of data and form general conclusions based on existing knowledge from past experiences, you are using inductive reasoning.

DEVELOPING THINKING SKILLS

 q  In order to develop thinking skills in pupils, the role of teacher is very significant.

q  This means, also creating a classroom climate that would encourage every pupil. Among the tasks there should be:

1. Setting ground rules well in advance.
2. Providing well planned activities.
3. Showing respect for each student.
4. Providing non-threatening activities.
5. Being flexible.
6. Accepting individual differences.
7.  Exhibiting positive attitude.
8. Modeling thinking skills.
9. Acknowledging every response.
10.  Allowing Students to be active participants.
11. Creating experiences that will ensure success at least part of the time for each student.
12. Using wide variety of teaching methods and approaches.

We can develop thinking skills among students,

1. Create an open environment.
2. Reward initiative.
3. Scrutinize independent work.
4. Assign research projects.
5. Let the student “teach”.
6. Let the student pretend.
7. Encourage dissenting.
8. Encourage brainstorming.
9. Ask open-ended questions.
10. Focus on the positive, stimulating, encouraging classroom climate.